Metronidazole

Metronidazole (MNZ), marketed under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. It is effective for dracunculiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and amebiasis. It is the drug of choice for a first episode of mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile colitis. Metronidazole is available by mouth, as a cream, and intravenously.

Common side effects include nausea, a metallic taste, loss of appetite, and headaches. Occasionally seizures or allergies to the medication may occur. Metronidazole should not be used in early pregnancy but appears to be safe later in pregnancy. It should not be used when breastfeeding.

Metronidazole began to be commercially used in 1960 in France. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is available in most areas of the world. The pills are not very expensive being between 0.01 and 0.10 USD each. In the United States it is about 26 USD for ten days of treatment.

Medical uses

Metronidazole is primarily used to treat: bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (along with other antibacterials like ceftriaxone), pseudomembranous colitis, aspiration pneumonia, rosacea (topical), fungating wounds (topical), intra-abdominal infections, lung abscess, periodontitis, amoebiasis, oral infections, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and infections caused by susceptible anaerobic organisms such as Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, and Prevotella species.[10] It is also often used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori along with other drugs and to prevent infection in people recovering from surgery. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.

Name:Metronidazole

CAS No.: 443-48-1

Formula: C6H9N3O3

Molecular Weight: 171.18

EINECS: 207-136-1

Density: 1.45 g/cm3

Melting Point: 159-161 °C(lit.)

Boiling Point: 405.4 °C at 760 mmHg

Flash Point: 199 °C

Solubility: <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 °C in water

Appearance: white to slightly yellow crystalline powder

Specification of Metronidazole:

Items	Standard	Result
Appearance	A white or yellowish,crystalline powder	Pass
Identification	A)Melting point:159℃  to    163℃	Pass
	B)The    solution shows   an absorption Maxium at 277 NM       and A Minimum at 240 NM,the specific absorbance  at    the  Maximum is 365 to 395
	C)Infrared spectrum comply with the reference
	D)The solution gives the reaction of  promary aromatic amines
Appearance of solution	Reference suspension II,GY6	Pass
Heavy metal	≤20PPM	Pass
Related substances(HPLC)	Any impurity:Not more than 0.1%                  Total:Not more than 0.2%	Pass
Loss On Drying	≤ 0.5%	0.3%
Sulphated Ash	≤ 0.1 %	0.07%
Assay(on dried   basis)       C6H9N3O3	99.0%~101.0%	100.0%
Conclusion:The above product complies with the standards BP2011

Uses of Metronidazole:

Metronidazole is used also as a gel preparation in the treatment of the dermatological conditions such as rosacea (Rozex and MetroGel by Galderma) and fungating tumours (Anabact, Cambridge Healthcare Supplies).

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Notice: This product is only suitable for laboratory use, or the use of animals. It can not be used directly on the human body