Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is a steroid, an estrogen, and the primary female sex hormone. It is named for and is important in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is essential for the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues such as the breasts, uterus, and vagina during puberty, adulthood, and pregnancy, but it also has important effects in many other tissues including bone, fat, skin, liver, and the brain. While estrogen levels in men are lower compared to women, estrogens have essential functions in men as well. Estradiol is found in most vertebrates as well as many crustaceans, insects, fish, and other animal species.
Estradiol is produced especially within the follicles of the female ovaries, but also in other endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) and non-endocrine tissues (e.g., including fat, liver, adrenal, breast, and neural tissues). Estradiol is biosynthesized from cholesterol through a series of chemical intermediates. One principal pathway involves the generation of 4-androstenedione, which is converted into estrone by aromatase and then by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase into estradiol. Alternatively, 4-androstenedione can be converted into testosterone, an androgen and the primary male sex hormone, which in turn can be aromatized into estradiol.
Medical uses
Main article: Estradiol (medication)
Estradiol is used as a medication, mainly in hormone replacement therapy.
Chemistry
Estradiol is an estrane (C18) steroid. It is also known as 17β-estradiol (to distinguish it from 17α-estradiol) or as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol. It has two hydroxyl groups, one at the C3 position and the other at the 17β position, as well as three double bonds in the A ring. Due to its two hydroxyl groups, estradiol is often abbreviated as E2. The structurally related estrogens, estrone (E1), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4) have one, three, and four hydroxyl groups, respectively.
Details:
1. Product Name: Estradiol
Synonyms: BETA-ESTRADIOL-16,16,17-D3;17BETA-ESTRADIOL-16,16,17-D3;(+)-3,17β-estradiol;(17b)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17diol;(17β)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17diol;.alpha.-Oestradiol;.beta.-Oestradiol;17-.beta.-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol
CAS: 50-28-2
MF: C18H24O2
MW: 272.38
EINECS: 200-023-8
Product Categories: Steroids;Estrogen;Hormone;Analytical Chemistry;Biochemistry;Environmental Endocrine Disruptors;Estradiol, etc. (Environmental Endocrine Disruptors);Hydroxysteroids;Intracellular receptor;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;Steroid and Hormone;API;VIVELLE;Hormone Drugs
mp 178-179 °C(lit.)
refractive index 80.4 ° (C=1, Dioxane)
storage temp. 2-8°C
form powder
Merck 14,3703
BRN 1914275
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Chemical Properties White Crystalline Powder
Usage : Potent mammalian estrogenic hormone produced by the ovary.
Estradiol is the major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary.
2. COA:
Product name Estradiol
Appearance White crystaline powder
Characteristics White or creamy white, crystaline powder conform
Melting point 173 ~ 179°C 178~ 179°C
Specific rotation +76°~+83° +78.5°
Water ≤3.5% pass
Assay 97 .0~ 103.0% 99.07%
Loss on drying ≤0.5% 0.21%
Related substances total impurities ≤1.0% Pass
any individual impurity ≤0.5% Pass
Residual solvents ethanol ≤0.5% Pass
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